Abstract: Understanding the inner workings of the human brain, and their connections to neurological disorders, cognition, and normal development, is one of the most intriguing scientific questions. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and statistical methodology have created unprecedented opportunities, while many challenges remain. In this talk, I will provide an overview of several research directions pursued by our group integrating statistics and AI for neuroscience research. I will discuss how modern AI methods can facilitate statistical analysis of brain imaging data, as well as how statistical principles can improve the development of AI models. I will illustrate with a number of case studies, highlighting the synergistic relationship between statistics and AI in advancing our understanding of the human brain.